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Allergy
Allergies - a breakdown of the immune system. Congenital or
acquired. It is impossible to predict this breakdown, nor suspect her until they
develop symptoms, ie disease, ie allergy.
How dangerous is the pollen in the air for a child? If a child is allergic, it
is dangerous. But until the child does not meet with the allergen, ie with a
specific pollen, you will not know. Pollen can be dangerous to others, she, like
the dust clogs the nasal passages, and a child having snot, runny nose. This
mechanical stimulation. This is not an allergy.
Can I save the child from allergies, for example, do not go where a lot of
pollen? You can not walk, but if the child has no allergies, then why such
measures? It is impossible to predict - whether or not the child's allergy to a
particular pollen.
Allergy to cats and dogs. Many believe that if the house has a dog or cat, then
the child will be allergic, but it is not. Allergy is only for those children
who have a breakdown in the immune system. Breakdowns we are trying to avoid
when properly nourishes the baby in the first days, then begin to give the
correct formula and complementary foods. There are credible reports that
children who interacted with cats and dogs up to 5 years, the risk of developing
asthma is very low. Children who did not communicate with animals, are more
likely at risk for allergies to animals. This is very simple - the child is
accustomed from birth to the wool and animal dander. If a child from birth has
to do with these allergens, they are to him in the future can not hurt.
Rule one. Before the year do not even think about the allergy in the child.
This is a huge mistake, because a true allergy to a year occurs in less than
5-10% of cases. Ie 90% of children with alleged allergy symptoms - runny nose,
skin rashes - have nothing to do with allergies.
Pseudoallergy
It is not always what commonly referred to as allergic - coughing, runny nose,
rashes on the skin did not increase in temperature and other usual symptoms of
infectious diseases - is allergic to reality. Often, the allergies are hiding
under the guise of other diseases, but if you treat them like an allergy, they
become chronic, and in fact may eventually turn into an allergy, irreversibly
affecting the immune system.
Such states are called "pseudoallergy.
Often allergy "accused" infants. The most common "culprit" believe milk. In
fact, milk allergy is quite rare, and cause dermatitis - skin rash - from
infants to 85% of cases are:
early weaning,
early and rapid introduction of formula and complementary foods
constipation, in which parents do not pay attention
and some other reasons can not allergy related, but related only to the fact
that the little man, no time to adapt to new and challenging life. And, of
course, reduce the burden of the child bodies work less, leading to changes in
the analysis "of carbohydrates, scatology.
If this state begin to change, cancel products, mixtures, lures, put on a diet
breastfeeding mother, rather than help the child heal, while minor damage to the
immune system, pancreas, then the situation will only worsen as a new product -
it new load, and so weak systems of the sick child.
After a year, five years, under the guise of allergy often hide banal worms
(roundworm and pinworm) and protozoa (ljamblii). Both are "deep" on the street -
in puddles in the playground, public transport and on the parapet, in short,
everywhere. The kid came out on the street, begins to actively explore the world
with all his being - his hands, feet, tongue ... But even this is not important.
It is possible that the adults in their mouth and then into the intestine gets
not less all dirt, which could be worms or eggs lamblia cysts - we communicate
with many people, eat anywhere - but in our stomachs eggs of intestinal worms
are killed under the action of gastric juice. In children, gastric acidity is
reduced, and the eggs of intestinal worms survive, overcoming this protective
barrier and reach the intestine where begin to live quietly. Parasites are toxic
to the products of its vital functions, resulting in the skin there is a symptom
of "allergies" - a rash - atopic dermatitis.
Parasites are very cleverly pretending allergies. The blood analysis for them
may be increased eosinophils and immunoglobulin E - routine laboratory
satellites allergies. This is very good worms "can avoid" detection itself in
the analysis of helminth eggs and scrapes on enterobiasis.
Search allergen analysis of blood or skin tests in this case do not give a clear
picture - some slightly suspicious products, plants, etc., is possible and
there, and worms or lamblia, of course, not be revealed, which means that they
will continue to live in a child, breaking his immunity and poisoning the body.
In this case, before sentencing a child to a lifetime struggle with allergies,
life with lots of restrictions, you can try to cure him of parasites. This is a
fairly simple and safe regimens.
It happens that after a cold, the child continues to cough and cough for months.
Sometimes more, sometimes slightly podkashlivaya. In this case, he may begin to
suspect asthmatic bronchitis. But, if the child goes to kindergarten, school,
home, if someone smokes and constantly podkashlivaet (bronchitis, smoker), it is
possible before resorting to mark asthmatic child, one must search ... but he
had a so-called opportunistic infections - pneumocystosis, mycoplasmosis.
Sometimes, under the guise of long-term asthmatic bronchitis hide and chlamydia,
and some viruses, fungi, and even the roundworm.
So do not hurry to record your child's allergies with the ranks of the first
suspicion that it appears that something is "clearly an allergic nature."
Sometimes, to take anything for allergies is easier than to get to the true
cause of symptoms and disease. Perhaps the puzzle can be solved much easier than
a lifetime to avoid "allergens", smudge ointments, swallow the pill and go with
a pocket inhaler.
Food allergies
Allergic diseases - something with which in recent years faced almost every
doctor. Virtually every modern child, especially among urban dwellers, at least
once had an allergic reaction, while 30% of children allergic problems are
endemic, especially among children during the first 2 - 3 years.
Allergies - is the wrong perverse reaction to some effect. Allergy is most often
seen with skin eruptions. Doctors called atopic dermatitis, allergic rashes,
among parents adopted a different terminology: "diathesis" (doctors, too,
sometimes supported in conversation with patients, this term). Used and other
terms refer to allergies: eczema, atopic dermatitis, but this designation is
essentially the same process. The rash may be localized: only on the cheeks or
in the folds of the skin, but it happens and widespread dermatitis when the skin
is almost no "living space". Most allergic rashes appear as redness, they may
slightly rise above the surface of healthy skin may crust may have rough
surface, or peel. In the worst cases, they get wet: peeling off the outer layer
of skin lesions appear, through them begins to ooze fluid - ichor (usually a
condition called exudative diathesis or weeping infant eczema). "Diathesis" may
be in the form of blisters, resembling outwardly mosquito bites or burns from
the nettle and received a title of "urticaria". In some cases, there is no
redness, but there is an increased dryness and roughness of the skin. In other
cases, the allergy manifested swelling eyelids, lips, nasal congestion. Almost
always allergic skin rash accompanied by itching.
Sometimes a one-time acute allergy to a specific product: the child something to
eat, and almost immediately (no later than 12 hours), he developed a "diathesis,
such eruptions are usually quickly: in 1 - 2 days after discontinuation of the
product. Sometimes congenital intolerance to some food components: for example,
the child always reacts to even a very small amount of carrots, but "quiet" eats
beets, red apples, oranges and tangerines. Chronic allergy is characterized by
persistent rash (7 days), which may be permanent, progressive or wavy (it is
better, then worse). In such cases, "diathesis often occurs against a background
of familiar foods and does not pass after changing diet.
Chronic allergy means that there have been some failures in the system of
allergy protection, and disrupt the process of adaptation (habituation) to the
food. Are potentially allergens (ie, substances that can cause allergies):
all foreign substances that enter into the body: any food (including breast
milk);
- Bacteria and viruses;
- Medicine;
- Domestic factors.
Normal reaction to food depends on the balance of the immune system and
gastrointestinal tract. Anti-allergic protect the body works like this: as soon
as something horrible baby's mouth begins to be active immune system, whose
representatives (lysozyme, immunoglobulins, macrophages and others) accompany
and neutralize foreign substances prior to their withdrawal from the organism,
when food enters the upper section digestive system, it is important to make it
grind to a state that could not causing allergies, pass through the intestinal
wall into the bloodstream - is very important to the work of the pancreas, which
performs not only digestion, but also anti-allergic function. Finally, the
suction in the blood is carried out with the active participation of bacteria of
the normal intestinal flora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Escherichia coli with
normal enzyme activity), which are part of the film covering, like a glove, the
entire intestine from the inside. The result is a final neutralization of
allergens, and blood fall safe and non-allergenic substances.
Thus, food allergy - complex problems that result in disrupted adaptation to
some or all food components. The main causes of violations of adaptation -
immune dysfunction, disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract (including
intestinal bacteria overgrowth), and the presence of intestinal foci of chronic
infection (bacterial - Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and other harmful bacteria,
as well as nebakterialnyh - worms, viruses, ljamblii). Risk factors for the
development of a child's immune dysfunction and intestinal dysbacteriosis are:
genetic predisposition to allergic disease, problem pregnancies (intrauterine
infection, risk of miscarriage, medication, especially antibiotics and
hormones), caesarean section, and later after the birth apposition to the chest,
early introduction of artificial mixtures or feeding (up to 4 - 5 months), the
use of antibiotics and other drugs, infectious diseases (acute respiratory
infections (ARI), intestinal infections). All that matters is the environment,
sanitary of environments, the overall age immature immune and digestive systems.
Foci of chronic infection are often formed on the background of immune
disorders, and the waste products of various harmful microorganisms or parasites
themselves are potent allergens. Hereditary predisposition to allergies - is the
probability of disease, but not the disease. In the presence of predisposition
risk of developing allergies increases by several times, but the disease can be
prevented or cured (not prevent the implementation of predisposition). The same
can ill child without a predisposition in the presence of other risk factors and
lack of adequate medical care.
As a result of violations of adaptation is the so-called sensitization (enhanced
sensitivity, hyperreactivity) of the organism to food: the fact that normally
should not cause allergies, begins its cause. Therefore, often a "diathesis"
even among children receiving only mother's milk. The same applies to allergy to
cow's milk protein: congenital allergy is quite rare, and sensitization as a
result of internal violations - often. About this allergy can say this: as a
runny nose is not the cause of acute respiratory disease (common cold - a
symptom that occurs when ARI) and the protein of cow's milk does not cause
allergies (allergic to the protein - a symptom of disorders of adaptation).
Therefore, and treatment in such an allergy - not the exception of dairy
products from the diet, and the causes that led to enhanced sensitivity to this
food component.
When a child allergic problems related to skin rash to explore primarily the
gastrointestinal tract ( "skin - mirror intestine, almost 90% of skin rash have
intestinal origin). Necessary studies are examining a stool sample for bacteria
overgrowth and scatology, useful information often makes ultrasound of the
abdominal cavity. These analyzes have to apply to the Pediatric Gastroenterology
(digestive tract is not only a digestive organ, but the largest organ of the
immune system, so any gastroenterologist - still "in combination" immunologist).
It gastroenterologists are the main specialists in allergic skin problems,
especially if the "diathesis" has arisen at an early age, your baby (under 1
year). If necessary, can be assigned to further studies: skin tests (not
recommended for up to 3 years), or blood tests to detect antibodies allergy -
IgE (not recommended for up to 1 year). The presence of allergic antibodies is a
sign of "true" allergy - the highest degree of immune dysfunction. Typically,
when such an allergy to the treatment of the child connect allergists -
immunology. But this form of allergy occurs much less frequently than "pseudoallergy"
reaction to the damage of adaptation to food. There may also be assigned
additional tests to identify infections that might be the cause of allergies,
such as: chronic viral infections, chlamydial infections, mycoplasma infection,
giardiasis, helminth infestation. Dermatologist in food allergy can recommend
outside resources, but, in general, atopic dermatitis - this is not
dermatological problems.
Among the therapeutic interventions for atopic dermatitis can provide treatment
aimed at addressing the causes of allergies (immunocorrection, therapy
dysbacteriosis restore the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract,
removal of foci of chronic infection) and symptomatic therapy - the symptoms,
especially itching. For symptomatic treatment includes antihistamines and
external funds. Among the external resources can be assigned to hormonal creams
- the strongest in allergy symptomatic agents. Apply them preferably with strong
aggravations, when other means do not help, but a short time: less than 10 - 14
successive days, then the harm from hormonal ointments will not.
Great importance is attached in allergy healthy diet. It is believed that with
food allergies should be excluded from the diet of the product, which causes a
reaction. Well, if this product is known (as in the example above, acute
allergies or intolerances in congenital). But more often, or food allergen can
not be identified, or an allergen is not something specific, and almost all
(indicating that violations of allergy protection). The strategy for food
allergies would be: stick hypoallergenic diet (if the child receives only breast
milk, such a diet should follow my mother), but not to exclude the vital
components of food such as animal proteins (including milk and milk products,
cheese, meat), vegetables, fruits, individual approach to the selection of food
given tolerance of each product. At the same time seek to expand to the diet,
rather than narrowing. Diet with restriction of any products should be
temporary, and the goal is to move to the normal age, diet or general desk, when
the system will be ready to adapt.
In some cases, when the course of atopic dermatitis - especially heavy (a common
form to get wet (exudative diathesis) or swelling of the respiratory tract)
infants are recommended hypoallergenic (nizkoallergennye) mixture. If possible
you should avoid complete hydrolysates, since they do not contribute to the
development of systems of adaptation to the diet. At the same time, if not to
introduce something new, then the body and learn to perceive it. Therefore, even
with food allergies should try to expand the diet to teach the body of
"tolerance" to the food components.
When a baby is introduced solid foods, each product has to be
entered, starting with a minimal amount (no more than 10 grams on the first
day), gradually increasing, giving time to adjust at least 5 - 7 days
(introduced only one new product). At the same time assess the status change
from baseline, including as the skin. If there is deterioration, then you can
continue to give this product without increasing the number, another 3 - 4 days.
If during this time, the deterioration will stop, then continue to gradually
increase the amount of this product, if - no, then remove the product. You can
return to those products, which was once the allergy (after 2 - 3 weeks or
later), because in the process of allergy protection and development of systems
to adapt a variety of products cease to be intolerant.
If a child ate "everything", and allergic problems he was not, but suddenly they
appeared - no need to switch it on a strict diet, eliminating useful and
necessary products. Delete (or limit) should only products from the list of
hypoallergenic diet. A cause of allergy to look into violations of the
gastrointestinal tract (primarily), immune dysfunction and other violations of
the above.
Hypoallergenic diet
These products must be restricted to any child with allergies and the nursing
mother or completely deleted during the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis:
red and orange vegetables and fruits (oranges, tangerines, red apples, carrots,
tomatoes);
nuts (especially hazelnuts, peanuts);
- Fish and seafood;
- Goose, duck;
- Sweets and chocolate;
- Coffee
- Smoked products;
vinegar, mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup;
- Horseradish, radish, radish,
- Eggplant, mushrooms, eggs;
unboiled whole milk and diluted cow's milk (this can be (!) boiled milk in
cereals, add milk to tea, and all derivatives of milk);
strawberry, strawberry, melon;
pineapple and other exotic fruits;
- Biscuit dough, honey.
Also, when hypoallergenic diet to exclude or limit food additives: E102, E127,
all E2 ... (preservative), E621 (monosodium glutamate).
The prognosis for most cases of allergy in young children - a favorable with
proper nutrition and medical interventions aimed at normalization of the
gastrointestinal tract and systems to adapt. Most often, food allergy is without
a trace and without consequences. But do not expect that the child himself
"outgrow" the disease and do nothing. Maybe the system to adapt earn themselves,
but can develop from lack of marked immune dysfunction (true allergy) and a
harmless "diathesis" to form a serious chronic and almost incurable disease.
By
Dr. Andrey L.Sokolov,
Dr. Yury A.Kopoanev
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